Characteristics of CNC machining process and steps of CNC machining parts

CNC machining process also abides by the law of machining cutting, which is roughly the same as that of ordinary machine tools. Because it is a kind of automatic processing which applies computer control technology to mechanical processing, it has the characteristics of high processing efficiency and high precision. The processing technology has its unique features, the working procedure is more complex, and the working step arrangement is more detailed.
CNC machining process includes the selection of cutting tools, the determination of cutting parameters and the design of tool path. CNC machining process is the basis and core of NC programming. Only reasonable process can produce high efficiency and high quality NC program. The standard to measure the quality of NC program is: the least processing time, the least tool loss and the best workpiece.
Numerical control machining process is a part of the whole machining process, even a process. It must cooperate with other processes before and after, in order to finally meet the assembly requirements of the whole machine or mold, so as to process qualified parts.
NC machining process is generally divided into rough machining, rough cleaning, semi finishing and finishing.
NC programming of CNC
NC programming is the whole process from part drawing to NC machining program. Its main task is to calculate the cutter location point (CL point). The tool position is generally taken as the intersection of the tool axis and the tool surface, and the tool axis vector should be given in multi axis machining.
According to the requirements of the workpiece drawing and the processing process, the NC machine tool compiles the program sheet in the form of the specified NC code, and inputs it into the special computer of the machine tool. Then, after compiling, calculating and logic processing according to the input instructions, the CNC system outputs various signals and instructions, and controls each part to process various workpieces of different shapes according to the specified displacement and sequential action. Therefore, the programming has a great impact on the performance of CNC machine tools.
Numerical control machine tools must input the instruction codes representing various functions into the numerical control device in the form of program, and then the numerical control device carries out operation processing, and then sends out pulse signals to control the operation of each moving part of the numerical control machine tool, so as to complete the cutting of parts.
At present, there are two standards for NC program: ISO of international organization for standardization and EIA of American Electronic Industry Association. ISO code is adopted in China.
With the progress of technology, 3D NC programming is rarely manual programming, and commercial CAD / CAM software is used.
CAD / CAM is the core of computer aided programming system. Its main functions include data input / output, machining path calculation and editing, process parameter setting, machining simulation, NC program post-processing and data management.
At present, Mastercam, UG, Cimatron, PowerMILL, CAXA and so on are popular in our country. The principle of NC programming, graphics processing method and processing method of each software are similar, but each has its own characteristics.
Steps of CNC machining parts
1. Analyze the part drawing, understand the general situation of the workpiece (geometry, material, process requirements, etc.)
2. Determine the NC processing technology of parts (processing content, processing route)
3. Carry out necessary numerical calculation (coordinate calculation of base point and node)
4. Write program list (different machine tools will be different, follow the manual)
5. Program verification (input the program into the machine tool and carry out graphic simulation to verify the correctness of the programming)
6. Process the workpiece (good process control can save time and improve processing quality)
7. Workpiece acceptance and quality error analysis (check the workpiece, pass into the next pass). If it is not qualified, find out the cause of error and correct method through quality analysis).
a. Adaptive control technology of machining process;
b. Intelligent optimization and selection of machining parameters;
c. Intelligent fault self diagnosis and self repair technology;
d. Intelligent fault playback and fault simulation technology;
e. Intelligent AC servo drive device;
f. Intelligent 4m CNC system: in the manufacturing process, the measurement, modeling, processing, machine operation of the four (namely 4m) integrated into a system.
5. Open system
a. Open to the future technology: because the software and hardware interfaces follow the recognized standard protocol, it can adopt, absorb and be compatible with the new generation of general software and hardware.
b. Open to users' special requirements: update products, expand functions, and provide various combinations of hardware and software products to meet special application requirements;
c. The establishment of NC standard: standardized programming language, not only convenient for users, but also reduce the labor consumption directly related to the operation efficiency.
6. Drive parallelization
Parallel machine tool is considered as "the most significant progress in machine tool industry since the invention of numerical control technology" and "the new generation of numerical control processing equipment in the 21st century".
7. Extreme (large and micro)

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